Polybrominated diphenyl ethers

Since repeated exposure to PBDEs results in accumulation of these chemicals in the body, the Panel estimated the body burden at the BMDL in rodents, and the chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans. For the remaining six congeners no studies were available to polybrominated diphenyl ethers Reference Points.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDEs and polybrominated biphenyls PBBs belong to a class of chemicals that are added to certain manufactured products in order to reduce the chances that the products will catch on fire. Finished products that may contain PBDEs are furniture foam padding; wire insulation; rugs, draperies, and upholstery; and plastic cabinets for televisions, personal computers, and small appliances. These chemicals can get into the air, water, and soil during their manufacture; they can leak from products that contain them or escape when the products that contain them break down. They do not dissolve easily in water; they stick to particles and settle to the bottom of rivers or lakes. Some PBDEs can build up in certain fish and mammals when they eat contaminated food or water. Another source of exposure results from breathing contaminated air or swallowing contaminated dust. Working in industries that make these chemicals or that make, repair, or recycle products containing these chemicals flame retardants can result in exposure.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers PBDEs are flame retardant chemicals added to products so they won't catch fire or burn so easily if they are exposed to flame or high heat. PBDEs have been used for over 30 years in products such as mattresses, upholstered furniture, foam carpet pads, draperies, television sets, computers, stereos and other electronics, cable insulation, adhesives, and textile coating. PBDEs can migrate out of flame retardant products and accumulate in indoor air, house dust, and eventually the environment. PBDEs do not break down quickly in the environment and can accumulate in the food chain. They have been found in air, soils, sediments, fish, marine mammals, birds and other wildlife, beef, chicken, dairy products, and people's bodies. In people, some PBDEs can stay in the fat and other tissues of the body for long periods. You may be exposed to PBDEs through household dust, consumer products, and from residues in food. People who work in enclosed spaces where PBDE-containing products are manufactured, repaired, or recycled may also have a higher level of exposure. PBDE levels reported in children are usually higher than the levels detected in adults. Children are exposed to PBDEs mainly by absorbing PBDE from their indoor environment, from use of consumer products including toys, and from their diet. Over time, exposure to PBDE flame retardants should decline in the United States as production of two types of PBDEs were voluntarily discontinued by December and the last type is planned for phase-out in

Bioaccumulation is of particular concern in such instances, especially for personnel in recycling and repair plants working on PBDE-containing products. What are PBDEs? To keep PBDEs out of the environment, dispose of foam containing products and electronics such polybrominated diphenyl ethers TVs and computers at your nearest hazardous waste collection site.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers or PBDEs , are a class of organobromine compounds that are used as flame retardants. Like other brominated flame retardants , PBDEs have been used in a wide array of products, including building materials, electronics, furnishings, motor vehicles, airplanes, plastics, polyurethane foams, [1] and textiles. They are structurally akin to polychlorinated diphenyl ethers PCDEs , polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs and other polyhalogenated compounds , consisting of two halogenated aromatic rings. PBDEs are classified according to the average number of bromine atoms in the molecule. The life-saving benefits of fire retardants led to their popularization.

Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. Please click here to see any active alerts. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDEs are a group of brominated flame retardant chemicals that have been incorporated into a variety of manufactured products, including foam cushioning used in furniture and plastics used in televisions and computers. Click to open in new window Tips for selecting and filtering data pdf Data Tables for this Topic.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers

Commercial products consist predominantly of penta-, octa-, and decabromodiphenyl ether mixtures, and global PBDE production is about 40, tons per year. PBDEs are bioaccumulated and biomagnified in the environment, and comparatively high levels are often found in aquatic biotopes from different parts of the world. During the mids there was a substantial increase in the PBDE levels with time in both sediments and aquatic biota, whereas the latest Swedish data pike and guillemot egg may indicate that levels are at steady state or are decreasing.

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Effective January 1, , Deca-BDE is prohibited in televisions, computers, and residential upholstered furniture. When removing old carpet foam, keep the work area sealed from other areas of the house, avoid breathing in the dust, and use a HEPA-filter vacuum for cleanup. Brominated flame retardants in serum from U. Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in the North American environment. ISSN Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers PBDEs are flame retardant chemicals added to products so they won't catch fire or burn so easily if they are exposed to flame or high heat. Each mixture is not exclusively a pure combination of penta-, octa-, or deca-congeners, but rather contains a higher or lower amount of the brominated congeners. In August, , the State of California outlawed the sale of penta- and octaBDE and products containing them, effective January 1, Reed , MD. There is limited evidence of adverse effects in humans. Dismantling and grinding polymer parts may increase the PBDE concentration in the air. Very little information is available as to their human toxicity, carcinogenicity and behavioral effects. Published :.

Skip to content. Because the compounds are additive rather than chemically bound to the products, they can be released into the environment. They are persistent organic chemicals and can bioaccumulate; therefore, they have become contaminants detectable in the environment, in animals, and in humans.

Each mixture is not exclusively a pure combination of penta-, octa-, or deca-congeners, but rather contains a higher or lower amount of the brominated congeners. Kurt D. Ballschmiter K, Zell M. However, mattresses, mattress pads, couches, easy chairs, foam pillows, carpet padding, and other foam products purchased before likely contain PBDEs. Porterfield SP. Toxicol Lett. Lower-brominated PBDEs have been known to affect hormone levels in the thyroid gland. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDEs in placenta and human milk. A nested case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and serum organochlorine residues. The Panel concluded that there is scientific basis for inclusion of all 10 congeners in a common assessment group and performed a combined risk assessment. Louis, MO. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. Abstract Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDEs are a class of recalcitrant and bioaccumulative halogenated compounds that have emerged as a major environmental pollutant. An official website of the European Union.