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A text-book on mental diseases, for the use of students and practitioners of medicine A treatise on mental diseases

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Frontotemporal disorders FTD , sometimes called frontotemporal dementia, are the result of damage to neurons in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. Many possible symptoms can result, including unusual behaviors, emotional problems, trouble communicating, difficulty with work, or difficulty with walking. FTD is rare and tends to occur at a younger age than other forms of dementia. FTD is progressive, meaning symptoms get worse over time.

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Frontotemporal dementia FTD , frontotemporal degeneration disease , [1] or frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder [2] encompasses several types of dementia involving the progressive degeneration of the brain's frontal and temporal lobes. Signs and symptoms tend to appear in late adulthood, typically between the ages of 45 and Men and women appear to be equally affected. FTD is the second most prevalent type of early onset dementia after Alzheimer's disease. Currently, there is no cure, but there are treatments that help alleviate symptoms. Each FTD subtype is relatively rare. Two rare distinct subtypes of FTD are neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease and basophilic inclusion body disease. The International Classification of Diseases recognizes the disease as causative to disorder affecting mental and behavioural aspects of the human organism. Dissociation from family, compulsive buying disorder oniomania , vulgar speech characteristics, screaming, inability to control emotions, behavior, personality, and temperament are characteristic social display patterns. Related disorders are corticobasal syndrome , and progressive supranuclear palsy. The Pick bodies in behavioral variant FTD are spherical inclusion bodies found in the cytoplasm of affected cells. They consist of tau fibrils as a major component together with a number of other protein products including ubiquitin and tubulin.

Inheriting a variant in this gene means a person will almost surely develop a frontotemporal disorder, usually bvFTD, but the exact age of onset and symptoms cannot be predicted. The underlying concept of this test 認知 症 wiki the somatic marker hypothesis.

Dementia is the general name for a decline in cognitive abilities that impacts a person's ability to perform everyday activities. This typically involves problems with memory , thinking , and behavior. Aside from memory impairment and a disruption in thought patterns , the most common symptoms include emotional problems, difficulties with language, and decreased motivation. Several diseases and injuries to the brain such as a stroke can give rise to dementia. However, the most common cause is Alzheimer's disease , a neurodegenerative disorder. Many neurocognitive disorders may be caused by another medical condition or disorder that includes brain tumours, and subdural hematoma ; endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism , and hypoglycemia ; nutritional deficiencies including thiamine , and niacin ; infections, immune disorders, liver or kidney failure, metabolic disorders such as Kufs disease , and some leukodystrophies , and neurological disorders such as epilepsy , and multiple sclerosis. Some of the neurocognitive deficits may sometimes show improvement with treatment of the medical condition.

ISBN Nat Rev Dis Primers 7 1 : May PMC PMID BMJ : b February

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Arthur L. National Library of Medicine. April [ 28 November ]. BMJ Clinical research ed. PMID

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However, having two or three closer relationships might reduce the risk by three-fifths. Several countries have authored national plans or strategies. Programme Grants for Applied Research. In the 21st century, other types of dementia were differentiated from Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementias the most common types. Individuals with a plethora of tooth plaque risk cognitive decline. The New York Times. Scientists have discovered several different genes that, when mutated, can lead to FTD: Tau gene also called the MAPT gene — A change in this gene causes abnormalities in a protein called tau, which then forms tangles inside neurons and ultimately leads to the destruction of brain cells. December Families affected by inherited and familial forms of FTD can help scientists advance research by participating in clinical studies and trials. Annual Review of Neuroscience. May Retrieved 20 January Much like other diseases associated with aging, dementia was comparatively rare before the 20th century, because few people lived past Pathogenesis of HIV-induced lesions of the brain, correlations with HIV-associated disorders and modifications according to treatments".

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This is a last resort, and is usually avoided by people with family or friends who can ensure care. Pervasive Specific. Erectile dysfunction Female sexual arousal disorder. Main article: Alcohol-related dementia. However, over time, these ambiguities fade away as this dementia progresses and defining symptoms of apathy, unique to FTD, start to appear. Physiological and physical behavior Eating Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Rumination syndrome Other specified feeding or eating disorder. In the early stages, people may have just one symptom. Article Talk. J Neural Transm Vienna. This is due to the fact that brain tissue from patients with the disease can only be studied after the person's death.