Tripartite model of anxiety

Watson and Clark proposed the Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression to help explain the comorbidity between anxious and depressive symptoms and disorders. The ability to distinguish between anxiety and depression with this model may help increase diagnostic accuracy and help eliminate the complications that occur with comorbidity. Negative affect is the factor that is common to both anxiety tripartite model of anxiety depression.

We review psychometric and other evidence relevant to mixed anxiety-depression. Properties of anxiety and depression measures, including the convergent and discriminant validity of self- and clinical ratings, and interrater reliability, are examined in patient and normal samples. Results suggest that anxiety and depression can be reliably and validly assessed; moreover, although these disorders share a substantial component of general affective distress, they can be differentiated on the basis of factors specific to each syndrome. We also review evidence for these specific factors, examining the influence of context and scale content on ratings, factor analytic studies, and the role of low positive affect in depression. With these data, we argue for a tripartite structure consisting of general distress, physiological hyperarousal specific anxiety , and anhedonia specific depression , and we propose a diagnosis of mixed anxiety-depression.

Tripartite model of anxiety

The ability to differentiate anxiety and depression has been a topic of discussion in the adult and youth literatures for several decades. The tripartite model of anxiety and depression proposed by L. Clark and D. Watson has helped focus the discussion. In the tripartite model, anxiety is characterized by elevated levels of physiological hyperarousal PH , depression is characterized by low levels of positive affect PA , and negative affect NA or generalized emotional distress is common to both. The advent of the model led to the development of measures of tripartite constructs and subsequent validity studies. The tripartite model and resultant activity concerning the model was largely devoted to adult samples. However, those interested in anxiety and depression among youth are now incorporating the tripartite model in their work. This paper examines the current influence of the tripartite model in the youth literature, especially with regard to measuring anxiety and depression. This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access. Rent this article via DeepDyve. Institutional subscriptions. Achenbach, T. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology , 1, —

American Psychiatric Association. Chronic course of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents.

Although research from numerous investigations indicates that there is substantial overlap in anxiety and depressive symptoms and comorbid diagnoses in youth, these constructs can be adequately differentiated. Clark and Watson [Clark, L. Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, , ] proposed a tripartite model to account for the symptom overlap and diagnostic comorbidity between anxiety and depression. This tripartite model posits that anxiety and depression share a common component of negative affect, but can be differentiated by low positive affect associated with depression and high physiological hyperarousal associated with anxiety. The present article reviews initial research which has supported the utility of the tripartite model for explaining the association between anxiety and depression in adult and youth samples. Following that review, more recent investigations which have called into question the applicability of the tripartite constructs for youth are presented.

Watson and Clark proposed the Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression to help explain the comorbidity between anxious and depressive symptoms and disorders. The ability to distinguish between anxiety and depression with this model may help increase diagnostic accuracy and help eliminate the complications that occur with comorbidity. Negative affect is the factor that is common to both anxiety and depression. Negative affect can be defined as, "the extent to which an individual feels upset or unpleasantly engaged, rather than peaceful". There is a substantial amount of empirical research on negative affect NA and its role in the tripartite model. For example, the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire MASQ [10] was administered to a sample of college students and a sample of psychiatric patients. In a large sample of school-aged children, NA was positively correlated with all anxiety and depression scales. Physiological hyperarousal is defined by increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, in response to threat. Compared to negative affect and positive affect, physiological hyperarousal has been studied less.

Tripartite model of anxiety

We review psychometric and other evidence relevant to mixed anxiety-depression. Properties of anxiety and depression measures, including the convergent and discriminant validity of self- and clinical ratings, and interrater reliability, are examined in patient and normal samples. Results suggest that anxiety and depression can be reliably and validly assessed; moreover, although these disorders share a substantial component of general affective distress, they can be differentiated on the basis of factors specific to each syndrome. We also review evidence for these specific factors, examining the influence of context and scale content on ratings, factor analytic studies, and the role of low positive affect in depression. With these data, we argue for a tripartite structure consisting of general distress, physiological hyperarousal specific anxiety , and anhedonia specific depression , and we propose a diagnosis of mixed anxiety-depression. Abstract We review psychometric and other evidence relevant to mixed anxiety-depression. Publication types Review.

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Compared to negative affect and positive affect, physiological hyperarousal has been studied less. Rights and permissions Reprints and permissions. Kendall, P. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54 6 , Anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: Negative affectivity or separate constructs? Google Scholar Watson, D. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Google Scholar Seligman, L. Russell, J. Cross-cultural convergence in the structure of mood: A Japanese replication and a comparison with U. Bernstein, G. Kaslow, N. Following that review, more recent investigations which have called into question the applicability of the tripartite constructs for youth are presented.

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The relationship between anxiety and depression. Manuscript under revision. Anhedonia: A concept analysis. Rie, H. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 4 , — Watson has helped focus the discussion. Psychological Assessment , 2, — Kiernan, G. Internalizing disorders in children and adolescents. Phenomenology of depression in children and adolescents. Psychometric theory 3rd ed. Journal of Affective Disorders , 7, —