Strap muscles thyroid

The infrahyoid muscles or strap muscles are a group of four paired muscles in the anterior neck below the hyoid bonewithin the muscular triangle. They are responsible for depressing the hyoid during swallowing, strap muscles thyroid. These muscles can be remembered by the mnemonic "TOSS".

Federal government websites often end in. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. The site is secure. NCBI Bookshelf. Ani Mnatsakanian ; Yasir Al Khalili. The thyroid gland is a midline endocrine structure located in the anterior neck.

Strap muscles thyroid

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. However, the impact of strap muscle invasion on disease-specific survival DSS remains controversial. The modified staging schema may better reflect cancer-caused death risk and may prevent potential overstaging. Validation studies have corroborated the new staging system by showing better allocation of relatively low-risk patients into lower stages with excellent survival outcomes 3 , and high-risk patients into more advanced stages 3 — 7. The newly introduced staging factor of gross strap muscle invasion alone T3b has been associated with higher risk of positive resection margin, bigger tumor size, higher recurrence rate, and lower disease survival rate 8 — However, studies have reported that strap muscle invasion alone, both minimal and gross, may not have significant influence on overall survival 11 , 12 , particularly in tumors equal to or smaller than 40 mm A recent study has also suggested similar disease-free survival rate between the minimal ETE and gross strap muscle invasion alone groups in papillary thyroid carcinomas with tumor size to mm With advances in surgical techniques and adjuvant therapies 13 , it is possible that tumors with strap muscle invasion alone may indeed have better prognosis than previously anticipated. Therefore, the impact of strap muscle invasion alone, both minimal and gross, on the survival of thyroid cancer patients needs to be elucidated to accurately allocate patients into appropriate staging groups according to individual risk, which will ensure longer disease-free survival and prevent overtreatment. This openly available database has compiled cancer incidence and survival data since Accordingly, it is an ideal database for analyzing the effect of gross ETE on overall survival in thyroid cancer.

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The infrahyoid muscles are a group of four muscles that are located inferiorly to the hyoid bone in the neck. They can be divided into two groups:. The arterial supply to the infrahyoid muscles is via the superior and inferior thyroid arteries , with venous drainage via the corresponding veins. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the infrahyoid muscles — their attachments, actions and innervations. The omohyoid is comprised of two muscle bellies, which are connected by a muscular tendon. The sternohyoid muscle is located in the superficial plane of the neck, along with the omohyoid muscle.

The overall prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer is excellent and, for most patients, the concern is for cancer recurrence as opposed to death from cancer. However, if the extension is not visible to the surgeon at the time of surgery and only seen under the microscope, the outcomes are not changed significantly. Additionally, there are few studies looking at isolated visible invasion into the neck muscles laying over the outer edges of the thyroid in the front of the neck the strap muscles. This study examined patients with these types of cancers to see if outcomes were worse than those cancers without invasion into the strap muscles. Epub Dec PMID: Patients were divided into groups based on thyroid cancer invasion outside the thyroid. This included no invasion, invasion into soft tissue around the thyroid not muscle , invasion into the strap muscles laying over the thyroid, or invasion to even more neck structures beyond those muscles the most invasive. The average follow up time was almost 3 years years and the outcomes evaluated included overall survival and survival without evidence of any thyroid cancer. Evidence of cancer recurrence was defined by seeing it on imaging studies or increased blood levels of the thyroid cancer marker thyroglobulin.

Strap muscles thyroid

Insights into Imaging volume 7 , pages 77—86 Cite this article. Metrics details. Thyroid nodules are a common occurrence in the general population, and these incidental thyroid nodules are often referred for ultrasound US evaluation. US provides a safe and fast method of examination. However, given the financial burden on the health service and unnecessary anxiety for patients, it is unrealistic to biopsy every thyroid nodule to confirm diagnosis.

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Author contributions J. The thyrohyoid is a short band of muscle, thought to be a continuation of the sternothyroid muscle. Become a Gold Supporter and see no third-party ads. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the impact of strap muscle invasion alone, both minimal and gross, on the disease-specific survival DSS of differentiated thyroid cancer DTC patients using the SEER database, and to potentially improve the survival prediction power of the TNM staging schema. The USMF was performed as follows. Other parameters did not significantly differ. Surgical correction may be indicated in severe cases. A P value less than 0. Infrahyoid muscles: Together, the infrahyoid muscles play an active role in swallowing through the movement of the larynx. A comprehensive literature review by Vilkman et al. Statistical analyses were performed using commercially available software R software, version 3. Patient characteristics Value Age at diagnosis a 47 Last revised:. The sternocleidomastoid muscle arises from the clavicle and sternum and has a medial and lateral head.

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Authority control databases Terminologia Anatomica. Contents move to sidebar hide. Anatomical terms of muscle [ edit on Wikidata ]. Univariable and multivariable analyses revealed that strap muscle invasion alone as well as age, tumor size, major organ invasion, major vessel invasion, LN metastasis, distant metastasis, and chemotherapy were significant prognostic factors for DSS. Major organ invasion including gross invasion of the subcutaneous soft tissue, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve from any tumor size was classified as T4a stage per the AJCC 8th TNM staging schema. Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. These muscles and other important muscles of note in the thyroid region are: Infrahyoid muscles: Together, the infrahyoid muscles play an active role in swallowing through the movement of the larynx. Cricothyroid innervation: In the majority of the population, the cricothyroid muscle gets its innervation solely by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Superior root of ansa cervicalis C1. Disclosure: Yasir Al Khalili declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Epub Mar To find out more, read our privacy policy.