Spermine

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Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 26 proteins in total. Quantitative metabolomics services for biomarker discovery and validation. Your source for quantitative metabolomics technologies and bioinformatics. You are using an unsupported browser. Please upgrade your browser to a newer version to get the best experience on Human Metabolome Database. Download Close.

Spermine

Spermidine is a polyamine compound C 7 H 19 N 3 found in ribosomes and living tissues and having various metabolic functions within organisms. It was originally isolated from semen. Spermidine is an aliphatic polyamine. Spermidine synthase SPDS catalyzes its formation from putrescine. It is a precursor to other polyamines, such as spermine and its structural isomer thermospermine. Spermidine is a longevity agent in mammals due to various mechanisms of action, which are just beginning to be understood. Autophagy is the main mechanism at the molecular level, but evidence has been found for other mechanisms, including inflammation reduction, lipid metabolism, and regulation of cell growth, proliferation, and death. Spermidine is known to regulate plant growth, assisting the in vitro process of transcribing RNA, and inhibition of NOS. Also, spermidine is a precursor to other polyamines, such as spermine and thermospermine, some of which contribute to tolerance against drought and salinity in plants. Spermidine has been tested and discovered to encourage hair shaft elongation and lengthen hair growth. Good dietary sources of spermidine are aged cheese, mushrooms, soy products, legumes, corn, and whole grains. In grains, the endosperm contains most of the spermidine. Contents move to sidebar hide.

General function: Involved in spermine synthase activity Specific function: Catalyzes the production of spermine from spermidine and decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine dcSAM, spermine. Spermine importance of eflornithine alpha-difluoromethylornithine for the treatment of malignant gliomas. Recent studies have brought polyamine metabolism back to the limelight, providing a strong link between polyamine metabolic pathway and oncogenic signaling spermine in tumorigenesis 12, spermine.

Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Dysregulation of polyamine metabolism has been linked to the development of colorectal cancer CRC , but the underlying mechanism is incompletely characterized. Targeted disruption of SMS in CRC cells results in spermidine accumulation, which inhibits FOXO3a acetylation and allows subsequent translocation to the nucleus to transcriptionally induce expression of the proapoptotic protein Bim.

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Spermine

Spermine is a polyamine involved in cellular metabolism that is found in all eukaryotic cells. The precursor for synthesis of spermine is the amino acid ornithine. It is an essential growth factor in some bacteria as well.

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Contrast of western blot images was adjusted using Adobe Photoshop and uncropped and unprocessed scans are found in the Source Data file. Pharmacological inhibition of spermine oxidase reduces neurodegeneration and improves retinal function in diabetic mice. Association between c-Myc and colorectal cancer prognosis: a meta-analysis. Organic Chemistry 2nd ed. In cancer, polyamine metabolism is frequently dysregulated primarily through upregulation of the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes, which leads to elevated polyamine levels that are necessary for malignant transformation and tumor progression 1 , 2. Gupta, V. Lee, B. Notably, expression of either miRa or miRb showed a modest inhibition of Bim expression, and did not attenuate JQ1-induced Bim expression Fig. Polyamines in mammalian ageing: an oncological problem, too? Sugimoto et al. Structure 7 , — This correlation is supported by our findings that: 1 increased intracellular spermidine could inhibit CRC cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner; and 2 restoration of spermine or putrescine levels in SMS-deficient CRC cells did not alter spermidine accumulation or reverse cell growth inhibition by SMS deletion, but re-expression of SMS resulting in a marked decrease in the spermidine level did restore cell growth. Bertaggia, E. The k cat value was determined by dividing V max value by the enzyme concentration.

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Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Download as PDF Printable version. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of MYC activity in SMS-depleted CRC cells dramatically induces Bim expression and apoptosis and causes tumor regression, but these effects are profoundly attenuated by silencing Bim. Senf, S. When necessary missing coverage , the peptide results were supplemented with X! Translational development of difluoromethylornithine DFMO for the treatment of neuroblastoma. Bim: a novel member of the Bcl-2 family that promotes apoptosis. As shown in Fig. Amino Acids 27 , — Nature , —