Malcolm x wikipedia

Malcolm X born Malcolm Littlelater el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz ; May 19, — February 21, was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figure malcolm x wikipedia the civil rights movement. A spokesman for the Nation of Islam NOI untilhe was a vocal advocate for Black empowerment and the promotion of Islam within the Black community. A posthumous autobiographyon which onlygraded collaborated with Alex Haleywas published in Malcolm spent his adolescence living in a series of foster homes or with relatives after his father's death and his mother's hospitalization, malcolm x wikipedia.

It was released posthumously on October 29, , nine months after his assassination. Haley coauthored the autobiography based on a series of in-depth interviews he conducted between and The Autobiography is a spiritual conversion narrative that outlines Malcolm X's philosophy of black pride , black nationalism , and pan-Africanism. After the leader was killed, Haley wrote the book's epilogue. While Malcolm X and scholars contemporary to the book's publication regarded Haley as the book's ghostwriter , modern scholars tend to regard him as an essential collaborator who intentionally muted his authorial voice to create the effect of Malcolm X speaking directly to readers. Haley influenced some of Malcolm X's literary choices. For example, Malcolm X left the Nation of Islam during the period when he was working on the book with Haley.

Malcolm x wikipedia

It is the second of four film collaborations between Washington and Lee. Haley collaborated with Malcolm X on the book beginning in and completed it after Malcolm X's death. The film dramatizes key events in Malcolm X's life: his criminal career, his incarceration , his conversion to Islam , his ministry as a member of the Nation of Islam and his later falling out with the organization, his marriage to Betty X , his pilgrimage to Mecca and reevaluation of his views concerning whites , and his assassination on February 21, Defining childhood incidents, including his father's death, his mother's mental illness , and his experiences with racism are dramatized in flashbacks. Malcolm X was distributed by Warner Bros. In , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Malcolm Little is raised in a strong household in rural Michigan by his Grenadian mother and African-American father. When Malcolm is a young boy, their house is burnt down and his father, an activist for black rights, is killed by a chapter of the Black Legion. His death is registered as a suicide and the family receives no compensation. Malcolm's mother's mental state deteriorates and she is admitted to a mental institution. Malcolm and his siblings are put into protective care. Malcolm performs well in school and dreams of being a lawyer, but his teacher discourages it due to his skin color. In , Malcolm, now a teenager, lives in Boston.

Black Routes to Islam. The Boxing Filmography: American Features, — But late that night Malcolm X telephoned.

Malcolm X , an African American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a popular figure during the civil rights movement , was shot multiple times and died from his wounds in Manhattan , New York City on February 21, , at age Three members of the Nation of Islam — Muhammad Abdul Aziz , Khalil Islam, and Thomas Hagan —were charged, tried, and convicted of the murder and given indeterminate life sentences, but in November , Aziz and Islam were exonerated. Speculation about the assassination and whether it was conceived or aided by leading or additional members of the Nation, or by law enforcement agencies, has persisted for decades after the shooting. The assassination was one of four major assassinations of the s in the United States , coming two years after the assassination of John F. Kennedy in , and three years before the assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr.

Malcolm X , an African American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a popular figure during the civil rights movement , was shot multiple times and died from his wounds in Manhattan , New York City on February 21, , at age Three members of the Nation of Islam — Muhammad Abdul Aziz , Khalil Islam, and Thomas Hagan —were charged, tried, and convicted of the murder and given indeterminate life sentences, but in November , Aziz and Islam were exonerated. Speculation about the assassination and whether it was conceived or aided by leading or additional members of the Nation, or by law enforcement agencies, has persisted for decades after the shooting. The assassination was one of four major assassinations of the s in the United States , coming two years after the assassination of John F. Kennedy in , and three years before the assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr. Kennedy in Kennedy and also after Malcolm X condemned Elijah Muhammad's sexual relationships with several children. On June 8, FBI surveillance recorded a telephone call in which Betty Shabazz was told that her husband was "as good as dead. The September issue of Ebony dramatized Malcolm X's defiance of these threats by publishing a photograph of him holding an M1 carbine while peering out a window.

Malcolm x wikipedia

Malcolm X born Malcolm Little , later el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz ; May 19, — February 21, was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figure during the civil rights movement. A spokesman for the Nation of Islam NOI until , he was a vocal advocate for Black empowerment and the promotion of Islam within the Black community. A posthumous autobiography , on which he collaborated with Alex Haley , was published in Malcolm spent his adolescence living in a series of foster homes or with relatives after his father's death and his mother's hospitalization. He committed various crimes, being sentenced to 8 to 10 years in prison in for larceny and burglary. In prison, he joined the Nation of Islam, adopting the name Malcolm X to symbolize his unknown African ancestral surname while discarding "the White slavemaster name of 'Little'", and after his parole in quickly became one of the organization's most influential leaders.

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In Akhtar, Salman ed. The Root. Franklin, Robert Michael. Ernest R. December 24, We do not consider this content professional or citable. I could not agree with either of these men, but I could see in them a capacity for leadership which I could respect, and which was just beginning to mature in judgment and statesmanship. Hollywood, California: Tsehai Publishers. Kelley, and Earl Lewis. Maryknoll, N. Breitman, George ed. And what he did talk about was someone else's encounter. Malcolm X.

He also concludes that some of the killers of Malcolm X are still alive and were never charged. According to Viking, the print run had increased to 70, from the original 46,

Bruce Perry, ed. Baldwin, James []. Rockwell claimed that there was overlap between Black nationalism and White supremacy. Terrill, Robert E. African Americans. S2CID Archived from the original on April 9, Prince Edward County Gebhart v. Further, Marable believes the "most talented revisionist of Malcolm X, was Malcolm X", [68] who actively fashioned and reinvented his public image and verbiage so as to increase favor with diverse groups of people in various situations. In , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Jenkins, Robert L. Essien-Udom, E.