Effects of the great depression quizlet

In this famous photograph by Dorothea Lange, a destitute, thirty-two-year-old mother of seven captures the agonies of the Great Depression. Library of Congress. Please click here to improve this chapter.

Over , businesses shut down between and , contributing to the rise of unemployment. Some had borrowed money to keep going before the crash and could not afford to pay back their loans. Others had been hit by falling demand for goods as people had started to spend less money, especially on goods they did not consider to be essential. Most of the people who initially lost their jobs worked in the older industries, such as coal mining, textiles and steel production. By , other industries, such as banking, domestic services and teaching, were also affected. Unemployment rates were high among unskilled workers , women and African Americans , who were more likely to lose their jobs first because of discrimination. This downward trend of business closures leading to more unemployment was part of the economic depression.

Effects of the great depression quizlet

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The American economy plunged nearly to the depths of — Long of Louisiana championed an aggressive program of public spending and wealth redistribution. Landowners also commonly paid them less for their produce in order to force them off their land.

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The Great Depression of devastated the U. A third of all banks failed. Housing prices plummeted, international trade collapsed, and deflation soared. It took 25 years for the stock market to recover. While the Great Depression took a huge toll on the U. For example, the New Deal programs installed safeguards to make it less likely that the Depression could happen again.

Effects of the great depression quizlet

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But many New Deal programs were built on the assumption that men would serve as breadwinners and women as mothers, homemakers, and consumers. The New Deal enjoyed broad popularity. Once the Depression came, employers were therefore less likely to hire married women and more likely to dismiss those they already employed. He oversaw the rise of the Depression and drew from the tradition of American progressivism to address the economic crisis. Farms were often bought up by large industrial farming businesses. Together, they provided not only tangible projects of immense public good but employment for millions. He asked business leaders to promise to maintain investments and employment and encouraged state and local charities to assist those in need. The Okies, as such westward migrants were disparagingly called by their new neighbors, were the most visible group who were on the move during the Depression, lured by news and rumors of jobs in far-flung regions of the country. To grow their crops, Plains farmers had plowed up natural ground cover that had taken ages to form over the surface of the dry Plains states. By , Roosevelt struggled to build congressional support for new reforms, let alone maintain existing agencies. New Deal social welfare programs tended to funnel women into means-tested, state-administered relief programs while reserving entitlement benefits for male workers, creating a kind of two-tiered social welfare state. Like Long, both Townsend and Coughlin built substantial public followings. More economic policies backfired.

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Recommended citation: Dana Cochran et al. Many essential public services have been reduced beyond the minimum point absolutely essential to the health and safety of the city. Americans elected a string of conservative Republicans to the presidency during the boom years of the s. The impact of initial New Deal legislation was readily apparent in the South, a region of perpetual poverty especially plagued by the Depression. GM recognized the UAW and granted a pay increase. Primary Sources XV. Troops chased down men and women, tear-gassed children, and torched the shantytown. Please click here to improve this chapter. It was radical in its use of direct government aid and out of character for the normally laissez-faire Hoover, but it also bypassed needy Americans to bolster industrial and financial interests. Across the country, banks denied loans and called in debts. The Second New Deal also oversaw the restoration of a highly progressive federal income tax, mandated new reporting requirements for publicly traded companies, refinanced long-term home mortgages for struggling homeowners, and attempted rural reconstruction projects to bring farm incomes in line with urban ones. As one Detroit city official put it in ,. In , he was appointed assistant secretary of the navy, a position he held during the defense emergency of World War I. Agents of the TVA met with residents and offered training and general education classes to improve agricultural practices and exploit new job opportunities.