Bacterial capsule slideshare

This document discusses capsule staining, which is a technique used to identify the presence of bacterial capsules under a light microscope. It begins by defining bacterial capsules and explaining their functions, bacterial capsule slideshare, which include helping bacteria resist phagocytosis and providing protection. It then discusses the principle of capsule staining, which uses a negative stain to contrast the unstained capsule against stained bacterial capsule slideshare cells.

The bacterial capsule is a large structure common to many bacteria. It is a well-organized layer, not easily washed off, and it can be the cause of various diseases. The capsule—which can be found in both gram negative and gram-positive bacteria —is different from the second lipid membrane — bacterial outer membrane , which contains lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins and is found only in gram-negative bacteria. When the amorphous viscid secretion that makes up the capsule diffuses into the surrounding medium and remains as a loose undemarcated secretion, it is known as a slime layer. Capsule and slime layer are sometimes summarized under the term glycocalyx. Most bacterial capsules are composed of polysaccharide , [4] but some species use other materials, such as poly- D-glutamic acid in Bacillus anthracis.

Bacterial capsule slideshare

Bacterial capsules are composed of polysaccharides or other polymers that surround the cell wall. Capsules help bacteria resist phagocytosis and play a role in pathogenicity. Various staining methods can be used to visualize capsules, which are difficult to stain due to their non-ionic nature. Anthony's capsule stain uses crystal violet and copper sulfate to differentially stain the cell wall purple and leave the decolorized capsule appearing blue against the background. Maneval's method uses Congo red and acid fuchsin to reveal white capsules against a red-blue background. Negative staining can also visualize capsules using dyes like India ink. Capsule staining reveals structures important for bacterial virulence and survival. Read less. Capsule staining. AI-enhanced description. Download Now Download to read offline.

Stainings Mohmmad Savarkar. Cell Structure and Organisation, bacterial capsule slideshare. While the rings named S and M are common to both, the rings names P and L are found only in gram negative bacteria.

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What have we learned so far, in terms of cell layers? All cells have a cell membrane. Most bacteria have a cell wall. But there are a couple of additional layers that bacteria may, or may not, have. These would be found outside of both the cell membrane and the cell wall, if present. A bacterial capsule is a polysaccharide layer that completely envelopes the cell. It is well organized and tightly packed, which explains its resistance to staining under the microscope. The capsule offers protection from a variety of different threats to the cell, such as desiccation, hydrophobic toxic materials i. The capsule can enhance the ability of bacterial pathogens to cause disease and can provide protection from phagocytosis engulfment by white blood cells known as phagocytes.

Bacterial capsule slideshare

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The bacterial capsule is a large structure common to many bacteria. It is a well-organized layer, not easily washed off, and it can be the cause of various diseases. The capsule—which can be found in both gram negative and gram-positive bacteria —is different from the second lipid membrane — bacterial outer membrane , which contains lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins and is found only in gram-negative bacteria.

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